???????? ???? ????? — ???????? ????????? ????????????? ???????, ???????????????? ? ???????, ??????????? ? ????? ???????; ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????, ?????????????? ?????. ? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???-????????? ????, ? ????? ?? ???????, ? ??????? ? ???????? ?????????.

???????

? 1553 ???? ? ????? «??????? ????» ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????:

«?????????? ?????? ? ?????? [????????? ????] ?????? ?? ????, ?????????????? ??? ???????? ? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????, ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????, ?????????? ???????, ??????????? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????????, ??? ???? ???, ???? ???? ????, ?? ??????? ????????, ???????? ???? ????????? ?????»[1]

???????????????

???? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? (???????, ?????)

???????? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????, ?????????? ? ????????????.

Hylocereus ???????????? ? ????? ? ????? ??????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????????. ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????, ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ????????? ?? ? ????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????????. ? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????????, ?????? ??????. ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? 5 ?? ? ?????. ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ? ?????????.

????? ???????????? ????? 30—50 ???? ????? ????????, ?????? ? ??? ??????????? ?? 5-6 ????????? ??????. ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? 30 ???? ?? ?????? ????????[2].

???????? ? ???????

?????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ????, ??? ?????? ???? ???????, ? ????? ?????. ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????. ???????? Xanthomonas campestris ???????? ??????? ??????. ?????? Dothiorella ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????.

?????

????? ? ??????? ???????, ???????? ???????????? ?????????. ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????. ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????. ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????, ? ??????? ??? ???????? ????, ???? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ???????????, ??? ? ?????. ?????? ????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?, ?????????????, ?? ?????? ????????????????. ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????, ? ???????? — ? ???????, ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????.

?????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ????????:

Hylocereus undatus (??????? ??????) ????? ??????-??????? ???? ? ????? ??????.

Hylocereus costaricensis (?????-????????? ??????) ????? ???? ? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????. ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????? — ?????????? ??????????? ???? ? ???????[3].

Hylocereus megalanthus (?????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ? Selenicereus) ????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??????.

???? ????? 150—600 ???????, ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????[4]. ?????? ????????????? ? ???? ? ????? ????, ????? ??????????? ???? ? ??????????????. ?????? ? ???, ??? ?????? ????????, ??????????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????. ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????; ?? ????????????? ???????? ?? ? ??????? ? ?????? ??????. ????? ????, ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????, ??? ???????????? ??? ???????? ????? ? ?????? ????????. ?????? ????????, ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ? ????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????. ?? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??????????.[???????? ?? ?????? 394 ???]

??? ????????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????????. ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? (??????? ????, ??? ???????? ????) ??? ????????? ?????? ??????[4]. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????[5], ?????? ??? ?? ??????????????, ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????. ?????? ??????????, ????? ????, ??? ????? ????????? ?????????.

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